Hello David,
Thanks for beta testing firmware v23!
Since you're compiling from the 'dev' folder in the repository, you'll need to configure some macros in the code to make it compile correctly for your target machine. The correct configuration for state machine r2 is:
MACHINE_TYPE 3
MACHINE_BUILD 0
SM_FEATURE_PROFILE 1
You should be on the develop branch of Bpod_Gen2, with all references to the master branch removed from the MATLAB path. Add the Bpod_Gen2 folder and /Functions/ with its subfolders. Then, from the MATLAB command prompt you can run LoadBpodFirmware(). This tool will load firmware to any Bpod device, and it can recognize Teensy in USB modes other than virtual serial.
If your Teensy really doesn't respond at all, open the enclosure by pressing down on the overhang above the ports and sliding it backwards through the front-facing panel. With the Teensy board plugged in to the PC, press the white button on the Teensy. It should then appear in the Arduino 'Ports' menu as a USB device.
If this still doesn't work, it may have been bricked somehow (yikes!). Please share the setup of your firmware macros and I'll try to replicate the issue here.
-Josh